{"id":595,"date":"2017-08-12T13:08:17","date_gmt":"2017-08-12T13:08:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/goodrichmagma.com\/demo\/?page_id=595"},"modified":"2017-12-05T11:28:17","modified_gmt":"2017-12-05T11:28:17","slug":"titanium-related-technologies-from-ukraine-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/goodrichmagma.com\/index.php\/titanium-related-technologies-from-ukraine-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Titanium \u2013 related technologies from Ukraine"},"content":{"rendered":"

GoodRich offer the following titanium – related technologies, starting from the Ilmenite ore \u2013<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0 Ferro-Titanium (30-45% Ti) production in the alumino-thermic process \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\n

A reputed institute in Ukraine developed the alumino-thermic process to make ferro titanium (35-40% Ti), using ilmenite& aluminium scrap. This is an out-of furnace method & suitable for low content of titanium (range 30-45% Ti) in the alloy. If high contents of titanium alloy (60-70% Ti) are needed, they also offer furnace-reduction method (ESR process for best results), starting with titanium scrap or rutile.<\/p>\n

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The method of out-of furnace alumino-thermal reactor is the simplest way. The charge consists of Ilmenite and \/ or titanium ore concentrates; aluminium fine scrap or chips as a heat source and lime as a slag forming agent.<\/p>\n

Both titanium & aluminium in the charge materials sufficiently affect the heat productivity of the alumino-thermic process. It was shown that the recovery by alumino-thermic process provides a low content of impurities (sulphur, phosphorus & carbon). The time needed for this reaction is small & gives satisfactory productivity, using simple equipments. The recovery process forms high alumina slag, which is neutral with regard to the melt & therefore the gas saturation of the melt does not receive a large development. However, the thermal conditions of metallo-thermic reaction in the absence of an external heat source impose restrictions on the content of titanium in the alloy, generally not more than 45%.<\/p>\n

Aluminium scrap for the reduction process can be purchased from various sources, including the secondary alloys with aluminium content of more than 70%. With high content of aluminium in the scrap, the best quality of ferro titanium can be produced & higher efficiency of the process can be reached. The efficiency of production of low-grade ferro titanium from ilmenite ore by alumino-thermic reduction in the out-of furnace way is proven by the operation of an industrial unit, which has been working for more than 20 years in Ukraine.<\/p>\n

Preliminary calculations have been made for the following grade of Ilmenite \u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
TiO2<\/sub><\/td>\n49.8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub><\/td>\n8.8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FeO<\/td>\n37.02%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SiO2<\/sub><\/td>\n1.36%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cr2<\/sub>O3<\/sub><\/td>\n0.053%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V2<\/sub>O5<\/sub><\/td>\n0.21%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The best possible composition of the ferro titanium from the above grade of Ilmenite is as under \u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ti<\/td>\n46.50%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fe<\/td>\n52.27%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Si<\/td>\n0.99%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cr<\/td>\n0.057%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V<\/td>\n0.18%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Aluminium content in this alloy can be 4-8%, depending on the type of process organization.<\/p>\n

The process can be organized in the following way, and the inputs are as under \u2013<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>For out-of furnace process<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nGrams<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ilmenite<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aluminium<\/td>\n35.62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CaO<\/td>\n135.62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
q, kal\/g<\/td>\n673<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Calculations have also been made for other grades of Indian Ilmenite ores. When the TiO2 <\/sub>content in the ore is 46.2%, the ferro titanium contains 39.7% Ti. Similarly, when the TiO2<\/sub> content in the ore is 48.1%, the ferro titanium contains 42.4% Ti. In both the cases, the aluminium requirement for the process goes up by 5%.<\/p>\n

The experience in the production of ferro titanium showed that for high degree of extraction of titanium from Ilmenite concentrate, it is necessary to add slag forming component CaO, which reduces the slag temperature.<\/p>\n

As explained earlier, the higher grades of ferro titanium (60-70%) can be organized by \u2018in-furnace alumino-thermic reduction\u2019, preferably using the ESR crucible melting or other furnaces.<\/p>\n

2)TiO2\u00a0 <\/sub>pigment making technology –<\/strong><\/p>\n

From the titanium slag, TiO2<\/sub> pigment can be made by the sulphide process & the Titanium Institute offers this technology in co-operation with a private company & already set up 2 plants in Ukraine.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Titanium Sponge making technology \u2013<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

By using the chloride process, titanium slag can be converted into titanium sponge.\u00a0 Chlorine is available from the caustic soda plants.\u00a0 In this process, titanium slag is made into briquettes & then treated with chlorine and magnesium, to make the sponge.\u00a0 This way, both titanium sponge & magnesium chloride are produced. From magnesium chloride, magnesium metal can be produced & chlorine can be recovered (which is called \u201cCROLL process\u201d).\u00a0 The institute gives this technology& set up 2 plants for titanium sponge in China, 1 in Ukraine & 1 in Russia.<\/p>\n

In China, the Institute has given such plants in Sichuan & Yunnan provinces.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Titanium metal & alloy making technology \u2013 <\/strong><\/p>\n

From titanium sponge, another institute in Ukraine gives titanium metal making technology, using electron beam melting.<\/p>\n

Since titanium is an active substance,it\u2019s sponge gets easily oxidized into oxides & nitrites of titanium, when melted in the normal furnace.\u00a0 Hence, we need a vacuum furnace to melt titanium.<\/p>\n

Titanium is a soft metal & needs alloying (titanium is always an alloy).\u00a0 There are other technologies for making titanium alloys from titanium sponge, such as vacuum induction furnace, but it is very difficult to achieve the required quality.\u00a0 One more technology is vacuum arc furnace, where the alloying elements like aluminium, manganese & vanadium are added through a single arc.\u00a0 This technology also has many difficulties.<\/p>\n

Hence, the institute has developed a progressive and new method of Electron Beam technology over a long period of time, where the titanium sponge is melted with a special vacuum furnace with Electron Beam.\u00a0 Subsequently, the molten titanium is casted into the required shapes.<\/p>\n

This process ensures guaranteed composition of the alloys, which is performed by the alloy component evaporation from the melt in vacuum & ingot solidification at the Electron Beam melting, with an intermediate crucible.\u00a0 This allows forecasting the composition & structure of the produced titanium alloy ingots.<\/p>\n

Application of an intermediate crucible eliminates the penetration of high & low inclusions in the ingots \/ moulds.<\/p>\n

The Institute can give the complete technology to make different types of titanium alloys as required for aircraft, space, cars, ships & even bicycles.\u00a0 In their process, there is no residual hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen in the alloys.\u00a0 There is also no restriction on the plant capacities.<\/p>\n

Click here for more details about\u00a0 Electron beam melting technology for titanium alloys<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n

5)\u00a0 Titanium alloy welding technology –\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

The institute also gives the perfect titanium welding technology.\u00a0 The traditional welding wires have deformation.\u00a0 There are gas defects also, which affect the life cycle of titanium. The Institute developed a very good technology for welding the titanium alloys, which is called \u201carc welding, using thick tungsten \u2013 inert gas welding\u201d.\u00a0 There are no gas bubbles after welding. If we weld on one side, the other side also gets welded.<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zirconium-related technologies \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\n

The institute can also give zirconium-related technologies.\u00a0 They are specialized in non-ferrous metallurgy, such as titanium, manganese, zirconium & nickel. They have jointly given the Ferro nickel making technology to Sino Steel, China.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

GoodRich offer the following titanium – related technologies, starting from the Ilmenite ore \u2013 1)\u00a0\u00a0 Ferro-Titanium (30-45% Ti) production in the alumino-thermic process \u2013 A reputed institute in Ukraine developed the alumino-thermic process to make ferro titanium (35-40% Ti), using ilmenite& aluminium scrap. This is an out-of furnace method & suitable for low content of<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-595","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/goodrichmagma.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/goodrichmagma.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/goodrichmagma.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/goodrichmagma.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/goodrichmagma.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=595"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/goodrichmagma.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/595\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1090,"href":"https:\/\/goodrichmagma.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/595\/revisions\/1090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/goodrichmagma.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}